Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracStandalone


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Timestamp:
Aug 4, 2015, 3:23:11 PM (9 years ago)
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trac
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  • TracStandalone

    v3 v4  
    1 = Tracd =
     1= Tracd
    22
    33Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
    44It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
    55
    6 == Pros ==
     6== Pros
    77
    88 * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
    … …  
    1010 * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
    1111
    12 == Cons ==
     12== Cons
    1313
    1414 * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
    1515 * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead,
    16    or [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
    17 
    18 == Usage examples ==
     16   or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
     17
     18== Usage examples
    1919
    2020A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
    21 {{{
     21{{{#!sh
    2222 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
    2323}}}
    24 Stricly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
    25 {{{
     24Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option.
     25{{{#!sh
    2626 $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
    2727}}}
    2828With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
    29 {{{
     29{{{#!sh
    3030 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
    3131}}}
    … …  
    3535
    3636An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
    37 {{{
     37{{{#!sh
    3838 $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
    3939}}}
    4040
    41 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
    42 
    43 == Installing as a Windows Service ==
    44 
    45 === Option 1 ===
     41To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background.
     42
     43== Installing as a Windows Service
     44
     45=== Option 1
    4646To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
    47 {{{
     47{{{#!cmd
    4848 C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
    4949 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
    … …  
    5454
    5555If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
    56 {{{
     56{{{#!cmd
    5757 sc config tracd start= auto
    5858}}}
    … …  
    7474
    7575For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
    76 {{{
     76{{{#!cmd
    7777"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
    78 
    7978net start tracd
    8079}}}
    8180
    82 === Option 2 ===
     81=== Option 2
    8382
    8483Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
    8584
    86 == Using Authentication ==
     85=== Option 3
     86
     87also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
     88{{{#!sh
     89$ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects'
     90$ net start tracd
     91}}}
     92
     93== Using Authentication
     94
     95Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives)
     96
     97Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
    8798
    8899Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
    89100
    90101The general format for using authentication is:
    91 {{{
     102{{{#!sh
    92103 $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
    93104}}}
    … …  
    105116Examples:
    106117
    107 {{{
     118{{{#!sh
    108119 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    109120   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
    … …  
    111122
    112123Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
    113 {{{
     124{{{#!sh
    114125 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    115126   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
    … …  
    119130
    120131Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
    121 {{{
     132{{{#!sh
    122133 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    123134   --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
    … …  
    125136}}}
    126137
    127 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
     138=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
    128139This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
    129140
     141  Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to
     142  decode some htpasswd formats.  Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there
     143  is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
     144
    130145To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
    131 {{{
     146{{{#!sh
    132147 $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
    133148}}}
    134149then for additional users:
    135 {{{
     150{{{#!sh
    136151 $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
    137152}}}
    138153
    139154Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
    140 {{{
    141  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
     155{{{#!sh
     156 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
    142157}}}
    143158
    144159For example:
    145 {{{
    146  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
     160{{{#!sh
     161 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
    147162}}}
    148163''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
    149164
    150 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
     165=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
    151166
    152167If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
    153168
    154 Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
    155 
    156 === Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
    157 
    158 Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://www.4webhelp.net/us/password.php online HTTP Password generator].  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system.
    159 
    160 You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
    161 
    162 {{{
    163 #!python
    164 from optparse import OptionParser
    165 # The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
    166 try:
    167     from hashlib import md5
    168 except ImportError:
    169     from md5 import md5
    170 realm = 'trac'
    171 
    172 # build the options
    173 usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
    174 parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
    175 parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
    176                   help="the username for whom to generate a password")
    177 parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
    178                   help="the password to use")
    179 parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
    180                   help="the realm in which to create the digest")
    181 (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    182 
    183 # check options
    184 if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
    185    parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
    186 if (options.realm is not None):
    187    realm = options.realm
    188    
    189 # Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
    190 kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
    191 print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
    192 }}}
    193 
    194 Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
    195 
    196 {{{
    197  $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
    198  $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
     169Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
     170
     171=== Generating Passwords Without Apache
     172
     173Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
     174
     175Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in `contrib`:
     176{{{#!sh
     177$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1
     178$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
     179}}}
     180
     181{{{#!sh
     182$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1
     183$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
    199184}}}
    200185
    201186==== Using `md5sum`
    202187It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
    203 {{{
    204  $ printf "${user}:trac:${password}" | md5sum - >>user.htdigest
    205 }}}
    206 and manually delete " -" from the end and add "${user}:trac:" to the start of line from 'to-file'.
    207 
    208 == Reference ==
     188{{{#!sh
     189user=
     190realm=
     191password=
     192path_to_file=
     193echo ${user}:${realm}:$(printf "${user}:${realm}:${password}" | md5sum - | sed -e 's/\s\+-//') > ${path_to_file}
     194}}}
     195
     196== Reference
    209197
    210198Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
    … …  
    222210  -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME
    223211                        the host name or IP address to bind to
    224   --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp
     212  --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp|fcgi
    225213  -q, --unquote         unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp)
    226   --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version (default)
    227   --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.0
     214  --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.1
     215  --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version (default)
    228216  -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR
    229217                        parent directory of the project environments
    … …  
    232220  -r, --auto-reload     restart automatically when sources are modified
    233221  -s, --single-env      only serve a single project without the project list
    234 }}}
    235 
    236 == Tips ==
    237 
    238 === Serving static content ===
     222  -d, --daemonize       run in the background as a daemon
     223  --pidfile=PIDFILE     when daemonizing, file to which to write pid
     224  --umask=MASK          when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in
     225                        octal notation (default 022)
     226  --group=GROUP         the group to run as
     227  --user=USER           the user to run as
     228}}}
     229
     230Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
     231
     232== Tips
     233
     234=== Serving static content
    239235
    240236If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project,
    … …  
    247243Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
    248244the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`,
    249 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
    250 
    251  ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
     245which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
    252246
    253247=== Using tracd behind a proxy
    … …  
    261255See also [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp], [trac:TracNginxRecipe].
    262256
    263 === Serving a different base path than / ===
     257=== Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
     258It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206].
     259
     260Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
     261
     262First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
     263
     264{{{#!apache
     265<Location /project/proxified>
     266        Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
     267        Require ldap-user somespecificusertoo
     268        ProxyPass http://localhost:8101/project/proxified/
     269        # Turns out we don't really need complicated RewriteRules here at all
     270        RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER %{REMOTE_USER}s
     271</Location>
     272}}}
     273
     274Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory:
     275{{{#!python
     276from trac.core import *
     277from trac.config import BoolOption
     278from trac.web.api import IAuthenticator
     279
     280class MyRemoteUserAuthenticator(Component):
     281
     282    implements(IAuthenticator)
     283
     284    obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false',
     285               """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins
     286                (''since ??.??').""")
     287
     288    def authenticate(self, req):
     289        if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'):
     290            return req.get_header('Remote-User')
     291        return None
     292
     293}}}
     294
     295Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
     296{{{#!ini
     297[trac]
     298...
     299obey_remote_user_header = true
     300...
     301}}}
     302
     303Run tracd:
     304{{{#!sh
     305tracd -p 8101 -r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
     306}}}
     307
     308Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your [TracPlugins#Plugindiscovery global plugins_dir] and enable it in your global trac.ini.
     309
     310Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`):
     311{{{#!ini
     312[components]
     313remote-user-auth.* = enabled
     314[inherit]
     315plugins_dir = /srv/trac/plugins
     316[trac]
     317obey_remote_user_header = true
     318}}}
     319
     320Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`):
     321{{{#!ini
     322[inherit]
     323file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
     324}}}
     325
     326=== Serving a different base path than /
    264327Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
    265 {{{
     328{{{#!sh
    266329 $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
    267330}}}