Posts by dcdc

21) Message boards : BOINC Manager : Automatically running GPU and VirtualBox tasks after a reboot (Message 104991)
Posted 8 Aug 2021 by dcdc
Post:
The requirement for BOINC to run under a logged-in user account to be able to access GPU and VirtualBox resources will lead to a lot of CPU idle-time after a reboot, unless the user is present.

To work around this, without compromising security too much, I have set my computer to auto-login and then lock the screen. In case it is useful to others, here's what I did:

* reinstalled BOINC so it is no longer running as a service
* removed the requirement for a password at the windows login screen: Start > "netplwiz" > uncheck "Users must enter a username and password..."
* installed "Auto login and lock" which automatically locks the screen immediately after the first login.

It isn't ideal but seems to work. I'll keep testing it.

https://www.softpedia.com/get/System/Launchers-Shutdown-Tools/Auto-Logon-Lock.shtml
22) Message boards : News : Android client version 7.18.1 released. (Message 104984)
Posted 7 Aug 2021 by dcdc
Post:
Downloaded, thanks!

Can this be pushed to F-Droid too? I had a look at the process and signed up but one of the pre-requisites is:
"The original app author has been notified (and does not oppose the inclusion)."

https://f-droid.org/en/packages/edu.berkeley.boinc/
23) Message boards : Questions and problems : How to check that Virtualbox is working correctly (Message 104607)
Posted 20 Jun 2021 by dcdc
Post:
I cross-posted this on the Rosetta forum here: https://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/forum_thread.php?id=14650

Falconet posted this:
If BOINC is seeing VirtualBox, you should find a line like this on the event log right after BOINC starts:

15/06/2021 12:18:03 | | VirtualBox version: 6.1.22


It's far from ideal as you have to go to each machine to see that, but better than nothing.

The bigger issue for me, is not being able to use the BOINC service install option. Presumably that's going to be an issue for anyone wanting to run vbox tasks, but on machines that don't have a user logged in, or where the two are wanted to be kept separate.

Does anyone know if it's possible to get a scheduled task to run BOINC as a user? Or is that not sufficient to enable tasks to access Virtualbox?

I guess an alternative is automatically log a user in, start BOINC under that account, and then return to the lockscreen...
24) Message boards : Questions and problems : How to check that Virtualbox is working correctly (Message 104572)
Posted 13 Jun 2021 by dcdc
Post:
Hi

Rosetta@home has recently started testing some Virtualbox based tasks, building on the massive success of Deepmind's Alphafold AI + Rosetta approach at this year's CASP competition.

There's a tweet here requesting more users install Virtualbox so they can do more testing: https://twitter.com/RosettaAtHome/status/1403057126541447170

So I'm happy to install Virtualbox on most of my machines as I get to them. I have the following questions though:

1. Is there a way to see if BOINC detects Virtualbox correctly - either locally, or preferably remotely? It seems this needs incorporating into the "My computers" page.

2. Is it correct that for BOINC to use Virtualbox, it requires a non-service install on Windows 10? If so, my machines do not auto-log in, so is there a recommended way to have BOINC run after a reboot as Windows 10 tends to do quite regularly?

Thanks!
Danny
25) Message boards : Projects : Coronavirus projects? (Message 100831)
Posted 22 Sep 2020 by dcdc
Post:
Here's a short video from David Baker (of Rosetta@home) regarding progress on COVID targets:

https://www.youtube.com/embed/ODEIN5V3yLg
26) Message boards : GPUs : No usable GPUs found on Win10 (Message 65959)
Posted 11 Dec 2015 by dcdc
Post:
I think it's using the 12.8 driver, although I've tried the 12.1 driver too. I'm not sure if Windows is trying to be clever - device manager shows the driver to be 8.930.0.0

I should probably mention that I'm using Teamviewer too - the monitor near that PC is VGA but the graphics card is DVI only... I could shift another monitor over, but this problem occurs if I reboot the machine and don't teamviewer in to it so presume it's not that causing the problem:

11/12/2015 00:04:26 |  | Starting BOINC client version 7.6.9 for windows_x86_64
11/12/2015 00:04:26 |  | log flags: file_xfer, sched_ops, task
11/12/2015 00:04:26 |  | Libraries: libcurl/7.39.0 OpenSSL/1.0.2a zlib/1.2.8
11/12/2015 00:04:26 |  | Data directory: C:\ProgramData\BOINC
11/12/2015 00:04:26 |  | Running under account Danny
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | CAL: ATI GPU 0: ATI Radeon HD 4700/4800 (RV740/RV770) (CAL version 1.4.1664, 512MB, 480MB available, 2000 GFLOPS peak)
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | OpenCL CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz (OpenCL driver vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., driver version 1800.11 (sse2), device version OpenCL 1.2 AMD-APP (1800.11))
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | App version needs OpenCL but GPU doesn't support it
11/12/2015 00:04:51 | Milkyway@Home | Application uses missing ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | App version needs OpenCL but GPU doesn't support it
11/12/2015 00:04:51 | Milkyway@Home | Application uses missing ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Host name: MAINFRAME
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Processor: 4 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz [Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 11]
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Processor features: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss htt tm pni ssse3 cx16 syscall nx lm vmx tm2 pbe
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | OS: Microsoft Windows 10: Professional x64 Edition, (10.00.10240.00)
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Memory: 3.00 GB physical, 3.69 GB virtual
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Disk: 237.00 GB total, 181.32 GB free
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Local time is UTC +0 hours
11/12/2015 00:04:51 |  | Config: report completed tasks immediately
11/12/2015 00:04:52 | Milkyway@Home | URL http://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/; Computer ID 642389; resource share 1
11/12/2015 00:04:52 | ralph@home | URL http://ralph.bakerlab.org/; Computer ID 35490; resource share 100
11/12/2015 00:04:52 | rosetta@home | URL http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/; Computer ID 2237370; resource share 100
11/12/2015 00:04:52 | rosetta@home | General prefs: from rosetta@home (last modified 18-Dec-2012 23:35:48)
11/12/2015 00:04:52 | rosetta@home | Computer location: home
11/12/2015 00:04:52 |  | General prefs: using separate prefs for home
11/12/2015 00:04:52 |  | Reading preferences override file
11/12/2015 00:04:52 |  | Preferences:
11/12/2015 00:04:52 |  | max memory usage when active: 1535.59MB
11/12/2015 00:04:52 |  | max memory usage when idle: 2917.62MB
11/12/2015 00:06:34 |  | max disk usage: 100.00GB
11/12/2015 00:06:34 |  | don't use GPU while active
11/12/2015 00:06:34 |  | (to change preferences, visit a project web site or select Preferences in the Manager)
11/12/2015 00:06:34 |  | Not using a proxy
11/12/2015 00:06:34 |  | Suspending GPU computation - computer is in use
11/12/2015 00:07:20 | ralph@home | Sending scheduler request: To fetch work.
11/12/2015 00:07:20 | ralph@home | Requesting new tasks for AMD/ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:07:27 | ralph@home | Scheduler request completed: got 0 new tasks
11/12/2015 00:07:33 | rosetta@home | Sending scheduler request: To fetch work.
11/12/2015 00:07:33 | rosetta@home | Requesting new tasks for AMD/ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:07:36 | rosetta@home | Scheduler request completed: got 0 new tasks
11/12/2015 00:08:15 | Milkyway@Home | work fetch resumed by user
11/12/2015 00:08:21 | Milkyway@Home | Sending scheduler request: To fetch work.
11/12/2015 00:08:21 | Milkyway@Home | Requesting new tasks for AMD/ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:08:23 |  | App version needs OpenCL but GPU doesn't support it
11/12/2015 00:08:23 |  | App version needs OpenCL but GPU doesn't support it
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | Scheduler request completed: got 23 new tasks
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] App version uses non-existent ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] App version uses non-existent ATI GPU
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039069_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116320_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039074_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_3_1446686708_17116329_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039073_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116327_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039072_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_3_1446686708_17116328_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039063_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116316_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039062_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116315_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039066_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116314_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039060_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116326_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116325_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039070_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116311_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039068_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039075_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_modfit_fast_15_3s_bplBG_sim8Dec1_2_1446686708_17116322_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:23 | Milkyway@Home | [error] Missing coprocessor for task de_80_DR8_Rev_8_5_00004_1446686708_19039067_0; aborting
11/12/2015 00:08:52 | Milkyway@Home | project suspended by user
11/12/2015 00:08:57 | Milkyway@Home | work fetch suspended by user
27) Message boards : GPUs : No usable GPUs found on Win10 (Message 65948)
Posted 10 Dec 2015 by dcdc
Post:
Ah, thanks Jord!
28) Message boards : GPUs : No usable GPUs found on Win10 (Message 65942)
Posted 10 Dec 2015 by dcdc
Post:
Hi All

I was hoping to use a HD4850 (RV770) on Milkyway as it'll help keep the office warm through winter, and the alternative is an induction heater.

I'm getting the "No usable GPUs found" error though. I know the GPU is old and not officially supported by AMD under Win10. I've tried the 12.1 and 13.1 catalyst drivers but have the same error with both.

Any ideas?

10/12/2015 11:31:54 |  | Starting BOINC client version 7.6.9 for windows_x86_64
10/12/2015 11:31:54 |  | log flags: file_xfer, sched_ops, task
10/12/2015 11:31:54 |  | Libraries: libcurl/7.39.0 OpenSSL/1.0.2a zlib/1.2.8
10/12/2015 11:31:54 |  | Data directory: C:\ProgramData\BOINC
10/12/2015 11:31:54 |  | Running under account Danny
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | OpenCL CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz (OpenCL driver vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., driver version 1800.8 (sse2), device version OpenCL 1.2 AMD-APP (1800.8))
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | No usable GPUs found
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Host name: MAINFRAME
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Processor: 4 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz [Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 11]
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Processor features: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss htt tm pni ssse3 cx16 syscall nx lm vmx tm2 pbe
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | OS: Microsoft Windows 10: Professional x64 Edition, (10.00.10240.00)
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Memory: 3.00 GB physical, 3.62 GB virtual
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Disk: 237.00 GB total, 189.41 GB free
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Local time is UTC +0 hours
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Config: GUI RPCs allowed from:
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | 192.168.1.75
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | dbrrc
10/12/2015 11:32:15 |  | Config: report completed tasks immediately
10/12/2015 11:32:16 | Milkyway@Home | URL http://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/; Computer ID 642389; resource share 100
10/12/2015 11:32:16 | ralph@home | URL http://ralph.bakerlab.org/; Computer ID 35490; resource share 100
10/12/2015 11:32:16 | rosetta@home | URL http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/; Computer ID 2237370; resource share 100
10/12/2015 11:32:17 | rosetta@home | General prefs: from rosetta@home (last modified 18-Dec-2012 23:35:48)
10/12/2015 11:32:17 | rosetta@home | Computer location: home
10/12/2015 11:32:17 |  | General prefs: using separate prefs for home
10/12/2015 11:32:17 |  | Reading preferences override file
10/12/2015 11:32:17 |  | Preferences:
10/12/2015 11:32:17 |  | max memory usage when active: 1535.59MB
10/12/2015 11:32:17 |  | max memory usage when idle: 2917.62MB
10/12/2015 11:33:52 |  | max disk usage: 100.00GB
10/12/2015 11:33:52 |  | don't use GPU while active
10/12/2015 11:33:52 |  | (to change preferences, visit a project web site or select Preferences in the Manager)
10/12/2015 11:33:52 |  | Not using a proxy
29) Message boards : Questions and problems : Boinc no longer connects in protected (service) mode (Message 40081)
Posted 9 Sep 2011 by dcdc
Post:
Hi

I spent an hour last night installing and uninstalling BOINC, clearing the registry etc, until I found this thread! I imagine there must be quite a lot of people affected by this? I guess a lot of people don't keep their graphics drivers up to date or don't run BOINC in protected mode...

Anyone know whether this is a BOINC issue to fix or an AMD one? Sounds like it's a BOINC issue due to an AMD driver change!

Danny
30) Message boards : BOINC client : Feature Request: Hierarchical project ordering (Message 39547)
Posted 9 Aug 2011 by dcdc
Post:
Ah! Claggy's comment about supporting zero makes sense now.

thanks Ageless ;)
31) Message boards : BOINC client : Feature Request: Hierarchical project ordering (Message 39544)
Posted 9 Aug 2011 by dcdc
Post:
I thought setting a project to 0% (as Claggy says) meant that it would effectively be a backup project - work would only download for it if the main project were unavailable and work were about to run out, but that's not what I'm seeing (BOINC 6.12.33).

I set Rosetta to 100% and climate prediction to 0% but all three of my computers here are running both climate prediction and rosetta.

Is BOINC capable of managing one or more backup projects and if so, what settings does that require?
32) Message boards : Projects : News on Project Outages (Message 36353)
Posted 6 Jan 2011 by dcdc
Post:
rosetta@home appears to be down as of approx. seven hours ago.


It's still down.

I'm getting the following:
On Boinc Manager "Scheduler request failed: Error 403"

On the Website "You don't have permission to access /rosetta/ on this server."

Anyone know what's going on?



Still down... I'm nearly out of jobs on a few machines now. It'd be helpful if the forum was located elsewhere from the project servers so we could see what was going on...
33) Message boards : BOINC client : Is it possible to run BOINC calculations without network connection? (Message 17049)
Posted 1 May 2008 by dcdc
Post:
you can install 17 copies of BOINC onto a USB stick, and then just share it on one PC on the LAN and then have each computer run one copy. Due to the disk space requirements of BOINC, and the limited read/write speeds of flash (when 17 PCs are vying for one flash drive), and the somewhat limited number of writes flash can handle, copying them all to a folder on a hard drive and sharing that would probably be better.

BOINCView will let you control all of the machines from one console relatively easily too. If you create two BOINC folders per PC then at the end of each week you can switch each PC from running from BOINC folder 1 to BOINC folder 2, take BOINC folder 1 home to upload/download, and then reverse the process for folder two the following week.

HTH
Danny
34) Message boards : BOINC client : How Do I Optimize BOINC Cruching For A Dedicated Computer (Message 16698)
Posted 17 Apr 2008 by dcdc
Post:
you can also shut down any unnecessary windows services such as the print spooler...
35) Message boards : BOINC client : TROUBLE WITH DIALUP (Message 16662)
Posted 14 Apr 2008 by dcdc
Post:
I AM HAVING PROBLEM WITH DAILUP ON MY COMPUTER I HAVE WINDOW XP AND WHEN MY PHONE RING AND I PICK UP THE PHONE MY COMPUTER COME ON AND GO ON LINE, MY COMPUTER IS NOT ON AUTOMACTIC,THAN WHEN I AM TALKING IT MAKE A TERRIBLE SOUND AND I HAVE TO HAND UP,TO TALK I HAVE TO UNPLUG MY PHONE FROM THE COMPUTER.WHAT IS THE PROBLEM,AND WHAT CAN I DO.IS IT SOMETHING I HAVE OWN ON MY COMPUTER OR WHAT.NEED HELP FAST

i think you need to turn off 'wake on ring' in the bios...

How to get into the BIOS setup - friendly instructions courtesy of Tom's hardware:
------
Most PCs briefly display a message describing how you can enter "setup," the program where BIOS settings are adjusted. You're allowed only a few moments to press the required key before your operating system starts to load. To enter your BIOS, turn on the PC and hold down, or press repeatedly, the key required to enter setup. On most PCs this is the DEL key, the F1 key or the F2 key.
------

Somewhere in the BIOS you'll have an option to disable 'Wake on Ring'. Then Save and Exit...

HTH
Danny
36) Message boards : BOINC client : Reducing bandwith usage - sharing files (Message 16636)
Posted 13 Apr 2008 by dcdc
Post:
I think my suggestion would still be very useful (and much simpler) for those with more than one machine running BOINC who don't want to or don't know how to set up a proxy.

I think your suggestion is good, but not worth having on the official client.

The best thing may be a packaged proxy already configured to work with BOINC projects, with an easy way to install it, and putting it on the official addon list.


Hi Nicolas

Why do you think it's not worth having?

This would be far easier to use than a proxy - I have no intention of setting up a proxy for BOINC as my computers aren't static enough, but an option to point to a shared folder is really quick and easy.

It would only need to be a very simple option and then anyone with a network can use it. I don't know about the other projects, but Rosetta's bandwidth requirements would drop massively using this on a home network.
37) Message boards : BOINC client : Reducing bandwith usage - sharing files (Message 16125)
Posted 29 Mar 2008 by dcdc
Post:
that is an option. Feet1st has written a PHP caching proxy for Rosetta which does that, but is more sophisticated in that it acts as a project and parses the files as they pass through on the fly. That allows more control as you can effect other details in the files as they pass through such as the run times.

I think my suggestion would still be very useful (and much simpler) for those with more than one machine running BOINC who don't want to or don't know how to set up a proxy.
38) Message boards : BOINC client : Reducing bandwith usage - sharing files (Message 16077)
Posted 25 Mar 2008 by dcdc
Post:
My suggestion is to have an option in BOINC to be able to set a network folder where BOINC can look for files before attempting to download them. If the file doesn't exist in the network share then it will download as ususal and then place a copy in the network share. This would mean a network would only have to download a given file once, and after that the clients would all use the network copy.


Is there any update or comment on this? I still think it'd be a very useful addition and will substantially reduce the bandwidth for both project's and user's.
39) Message boards : BOINC client : Cheap PCs for BOINC (Message 14166)
Posted 30 Nov 2007 by dcdc
Post:
the crunching speed is also heavily project dependant. For example, Rosetta doesn't make use of SSE extensions while some projects do, as well as their general FPU and cache dependancies etc.

However, if you want to get good performance per watt, i don't think much analysis would be needed to pick out the Q6600 as mentioned. It can also be overclocked, although OCing increases the power consumption (not linearly) and so there is a point where the gains from OCing will be relatively small in comparison to the increased energy needed to run at that speed.

Another *free* option/factor that can make a big difference to the efficiency is undervolting. If you're running a CPU at stock speeds then reducing the voltage of the CPU can reduce it's power requirements massively. I reduced my laptop CPU (1.86GHz Pentium-M (Dothan core)) from 1.325V down to 1.053V using RMClock and the battery lasts around a third longer (while running Rosetta).

Crunchers also don't need hard drives - you can net boot, or my preference is to boot from compactflash cards. My media centre boots Windows MCE 2005 from a 2GB CF card - TV is recorded to the server over the network.

Other things that help reduce electrical consumption are onboard video, no keyboard/mouse, good airflow (less electrical resistance at lower temperatures), few fans, and not running where air-con is needed!

HTH
Danny

40) Message boards : BOINC client : Reducing bandwith usage - sharing files (Message 13825)
Posted 14 Nov 2007 by dcdc
Post:
I think the superhost setup is a very good one for certain setups - we had something similar available on Find-a-Drug where you could run client machines from a server, but that ran directly over the network with no installation required on the client.

A much more likely fix than a superhost would be something akin to bittorrent. The idea is that any hosts on a LAN would check the hosts on the LAN first for any file, and only after that would fetch from the server. Note that this will not help with the tasks themselves, only the project executables.


Surely my suggestion of a single shared folder would have the same effect but be much easier to implement?


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