Message boards : GPUs : no usable GPUs found fedora 31 workstation
Message board moderation
Previous · 1 · 2 · 3 · Next
Author | Message |
---|---|
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
the coproc was already checked through the interface, that's why I have the message about libcuda I think <cc_config> <log_flags> <file_xfer>1</file_xfer> <sched_ops>1</sched_ops> <task>1</task> <app_msg_receive>0</app_msg_receive> <app_msg_send>0</app_msg_send> <async_file_debug>0</async_file_debug> <benchmark_debug>0</benchmark_debug> <checkpoint_debug>0</checkpoint_debug> <coproc_debug>1</coproc_debug> <cpu_sched>0</cpu_sched> <cpu_sched_debug>0</cpu_sched_debug> <cpu_sched_status>0</cpu_sched_status> <dcf_debug>0</dcf_debug> <disk_usage_debug>0</disk_usage_debug> <file_xfer_debug>0</file_xfer_debug> <gui_rpc_debug>0</gui_rpc_debug> <heartbeat_debug>0</heartbeat_debug> <http_debug>0</http_debug> <http_xfer_debug>0</http_xfer_debug> <idle_detection_debug>0</idle_detection_debug> <mem_usage_debug>0</mem_usage_debug> <network_status_debug>0</network_status_debug> <notice_debug>1</notice_debug> <poll_debug>0</poll_debug> <priority_debug>0</priority_debug> <proxy_debug>0</proxy_debug> <rr_simulation>0</rr_simulation> <rrsim_detail>0</rrsim_detail> <sched_op_debug>0</sched_op_debug> <scrsave_debug>0</scrsave_debug> <slot_debug>0</slot_debug> <state_debug>0</state_debug> <statefile_debug>0</statefile_debug> <suspend_debug>0</suspend_debug> <task_debug>0</task_debug> <time_debug>0</time_debug> <trickle_debug>0</trickle_debug> <unparsed_xml>0</unparsed_xml> <work_fetch_debug>0</work_fetch_debug> </log_flags> <options> <abort_jobs_on_exit>0</abort_jobs_on_exit> <allow_gui_rpc_get>0</allow_gui_rpc_get> <allow_multiple_clients>0</allow_multiple_clients> <allow_remote_gui_rpc>0</allow_remote_gui_rpc> <disallow_attach>0</disallow_attach> <dont_check_file_sizes>0</dont_check_file_sizes> <dont_contact_ref_site>0</dont_contact_ref_site> <lower_client_priority>0</lower_client_priority> <dont_suspend_nci>0</dont_suspend_nci> <dont_use_vbox>0</dont_use_vbox> <dont_use_wsl>0</dont_use_wsl> <exit_after_finish>0</exit_after_finish> <exit_before_start>0</exit_before_start> <exit_when_idle>0</exit_when_idle> <fetch_minimal_work>0</fetch_minimal_work> <fetch_on_update>0</fetch_on_update> <force_auth>default</force_auth> <http_1_0>0</http_1_0> <http_transfer_timeout>300</http_transfer_timeout> <http_transfer_timeout_bps>10</http_transfer_timeout_bps> <max_event_log_lines>2000</max_event_log_lines> <max_file_xfers>8</max_file_xfers> <max_file_xfers_per_project>2</max_file_xfers_per_project> <max_stderr_file_size>0</max_stderr_file_size> <max_stdout_file_size>0</max_stdout_file_size> <max_tasks_reported>0</max_tasks_reported> <ncpus>-1</ncpus> <no_alt_platform>0</no_alt_platform> <no_gpus>0</no_gpus> <no_info_fetch>0</no_info_fetch> <no_opencl>0</no_opencl> <no_priority_change>0</no_priority_change> <os_random_only>0</os_random_only> <process_priority>-1</process_priority> <process_priority_special>-1</process_priority_special> <proxy_info> <socks_server_name></socks_server_name> <socks_server_port>80</socks_server_port> <http_server_name></http_server_name> <http_server_port>80</http_server_port> <socks5_user_name></socks5_user_name> <socks5_user_passwd></socks5_user_passwd> <socks5_remote_dns>0</socks5_remote_dns> <http_user_name></http_user_name> <http_user_passwd></http_user_passwd> <no_proxy></no_proxy> <no_autodetect>0</no_autodetect> </proxy_info> <rec_half_life_days>10.000000</rec_half_life_days> <report_results_immediately>0</report_results_immediately> <run_apps_manually>0</run_apps_manually> <save_stats_days>30</save_stats_days> <skip_cpu_benchmarks>0</skip_cpu_benchmarks> <simple_gui_only>0</simple_gui_only> <start_delay>0.000000</start_delay> <stderr_head>0</stderr_head> <suppress_net_info>0</suppress_net_info> <unsigned_apps_ok>0</unsigned_apps_ok> <use_all_gpus>0</use_all_gpus> <use_certs>0</use_certs> <use_certs_only>0</use_certs_only> <vbox_window>0</vbox_window> </options> </cc_config> Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Starting BOINC client version 7.16.1 for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | log flags: file_xfer, sched_ops, task, coproc_debug, notice_debug Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Libraries: libcurl/7.66.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1d-fips zlib/1.2.11 brotli/1.0.7 libidn2/2.3.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.2.0) libssh/0.9.3/openssl/zlib nghttp2/1.39.2 Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Data directory: /var/lib/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | [coproc] launching child process at /usr/bin/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | [coproc] with data directory /var/lib/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | OpenCL CPU: pthread-Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz (OpenCL driver vendor: The pocl project, driver version 1.5-pre, device version OpenCL 1.2 pocl HSTR: pthread-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-skylake) Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | [coproc] NVIDIA: libcuda.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | [coproc] ATI: libaticalrt.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | No usable GPUs found Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | [libc detection] gathered: 2.30, GNU libc Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Host name: fedo-mansion-ada Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Processor: 8 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz [Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 9] Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Processor features: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | OS: Linux Fedora: Fedora 31 (Workstation Edition) [5.3.16-300.fc31.x86_64|libc 2.30 (GNU libc)] Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Memory: 15.60 GB physical, 7.86 GB virtual Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Disk: 68.39 GB total, 41.18 GB free Thu 19 Dec 2019 06:39:20 PM CET | | Local time is UTC +1 hours I love this log system ^^ the coproc debug did activate with notice I think or I did activate it with it. Don't know anymore. any other ideas? |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
No richard, nothing in it: [root@fedo-mansion-ada ~]# more /var/lib/boinc/stderrgpudetect.txt [root@fedo-mansion-ada ~]# [root@fedo-mansion-ada ~]# more /var/lib/boinc/stdoutgpudetect.txt 06-Dec-2019 03:50:52 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 11:01:58 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 11:05:59 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 11:25:01 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 15:03:03 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 15:07:21 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 15:16:54 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 15:39:49 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 15:45:48 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 06-Dec-2019 16:30:03 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 07-Dec-2019 02:32:43 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 08-Dec-2019 12:51:45 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 08-Dec-2019 12:54:40 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 08-Dec-2019 13:01:11 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 10-Dec-2019 03:50:49 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 10-Dec-2019 15:01:31 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 11-Dec-2019 01:06:21 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 11-Dec-2019 22:42:53 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 12-Dec-2019 21:23:17 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 15-Dec-2019 10:33:45 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 15-Dec-2019 13:03:46 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 17-Dec-2019 22:39:40 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 17-Dec-2019 23:05:35 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 18-Dec-2019 00:17:31 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults 18-Dec-2019 08:59:21 [---] cc_config.xml not found - using defaults [root@fedo-mansion-ada ~]# there was no cc_config before I activate the logs. Thanks for trying |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
In the mean time, sorry but I'm going to remove the repo drivers if I can... I really hope it will be clean.? And then go with the proprietary drivers again, because like that it's really shitty accelaration at the moment. |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
I feel already better now that I succeeded to reinstall the nvidia original drivers without the repos. Now the games are working properly, glxgears is printing 60fps correctly and not 300 or I don't know anymore like before. All the lib are installed correctly now and detected too. Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Starting BOINC client version 7.16.1 for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | log flags: file_xfer, sched_ops, task, coproc_debug, notice_debug Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Libraries: libcurl/7.66.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1d-fips zlib/1.2.11 brotli/1.0.7 libidn2/2.3.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.2.0) libssh/0.9.3/openssl/zlib nghttp2/1.39.2 Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Data directory: /var/lib/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | [coproc] launching child process at /usr/bin/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | [coproc] with data directory /var/lib/boinc Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | OpenCL CPU: pthread-Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz (OpenCL driver vendor: The pocl project, driver version 1.5-pre, device version OpenCL 1.2 pocl HSTR: pthread-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-skylake) Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | [coproc] NVIDIA drivers present but no GPUs found Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | [coproc] ATI: libaticalrt.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | No usable GPUs found Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | [libc detection] gathered: 2.30, GNU libc Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Host name: fedo-mansion-ada Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Processor: 8 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz [Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 9] Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Processor features: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | OS: Linux Fedora: Fedora 31 (Workstation Edition) [5.3.16-300.fc31.x86_64|libc 2.30 (GNU libc)] Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Memory: 15.60 GB physical, 7.86 GB virtual Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Disk: 68.39 GB total, 40.86 GB free Thu 19 Dec 2019 07:42:04 PM CET | | Local time is UTC +1 hours but still no GPU usable... So can someone explain to me why on windows boinc is capable to compute on the same gpu and not on linux? does nvidia disable cuda on linux for the serie 900 or something? the GTX970 is still in the cuda gpu supported with a compute capability of 5.2 https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus |
Send message Joined: 29 Aug 05 Posts: 15542 |
I wonder if the pocl OpenCL isn't interfering here. Can you try to uninstall it? https://installlion.com/kali/kali/main/p/pocl-opencl-icd/uninstall/index.html (I ask that as OpenCL is normally the last thing we detect in BOINC as we know it interferes with detection of other direct computing classes) |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
the only thing that I can is : $ sudo dnf list installed | grep pocl pocl.x86_64 1.4-0.1.rc2.fc31 @fedora is it that? or something else? |
Send message Joined: 29 Aug 05 Posts: 15542 |
It's probably it. So try dnf remove pocl.x86_64 |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
do you know if this package is resonsible for anything else important? I'm not very familiar with opencl |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Starting BOINC client version 7.16.1 for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | log flags: file_xfer, sched_ops, task, coproc_debug, notice_debug Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Libraries: libcurl/7.66.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1d-fips zlib/1.2.11 brotli/1.0.7 libidn2/2.3.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.2.0) libssh/0.9.3/openssl/zlib nghttp2/1.39.2 Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Data directory: /var/lib/boinc Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] launching child process at /usr/bin/boinc Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] with data directory /var/lib/boinc Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] NVIDIA drivers present but no GPUs found Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] ATI: libaticalrt.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] clGetPlatformIDs() failed to return any OpenCL platforms Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | No usable GPUs found Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [libc detection] gathered: 2.30, GNU libc Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Host name: fedo-mansion-ada Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Processor: 8 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz [Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 9] Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Processor features: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | OS: Linux Fedora: Fedora 31 (Workstation Edition) [5.3.16-300.fc31.x86_64|libc 2.30 (GNU libc)] Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Memory: 15.60 GB physical, 7.86 GB virtual Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Disk: 68.39 GB total, 40.60 GB free Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | Local time is UTC +1 hours That's the result, the cpu doesn't get recognize as opencl supported now but it didn't help for the gpu |
Send message Joined: 29 Aug 05 Posts: 15542 |
Well, the message has changed. Now Linux gurus can bite into that one: Fri 20 Dec 2019 08:54:36 AM CET | | [coproc] NVIDIA drivers present but no GPUs found I'll check later in the source code what the conditions for that are, but have an emergency situation here first. |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
that's from boinc website
But if this is accurate, then through my numerous nvidia drivers's installing procedures, if boinc based its detection on the presence of libraries, then the symbolic links would have been replaced by those installations. I have no clue here . |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
nop problem, take you time. I just want to understand what's happening here . |
Send message Joined: 29 Aug 05 Posts: 15542 |
[coproc] NVIDIA drivers present but no GPUs foundmeans that the GPU driver has no CUDA capability. So, back to (re)installing the Nvidia drivers. Follow https://www.if-not-true-then-false.com/2015/fedora-nvidia-guide/ for that. |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
aloready done that. That's how I install my drivers. That's why the acceleration is working. IF there was a signle problem with it, steam wouldn't work. It's more about cuda I think. Something seems to be installed during the rpmfusion procedure which is not installed during the simple nvidia proprietary drivers procedure. |
Send message Joined: 29 Aug 05 Posts: 15542 |
The only other thing I can find is https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Cuda And other than that, do make sure that you start the BOINC client with the path to the install directory, e.g. /usr/bin/boinc |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
boinc itselfs says it is starting with child process from there so that's not the problem. And it's because of this page about cuda in fedora that I'm wondering if there is not something more. And I can't test it because the cuda toolkit si for fedora29 at the moment so for an older version of gcc than 9.2.1 so I'm stucked. I can't use the rpmfusion repo version because as I said yesterday, the hardware acceleration for an unknown reason suck and make the steam games crash. And so that's a no go. Do you know anything aboutt the librairies mentionned in this page? and nobody is under fedora here? amongst the modoretors? |
Send message Joined: 8 Nov 19 Posts: 718 |
Fedora is one of the most updated versions of Redhat (RPM based) Linux. I've seen regularly, that those newer updates, eye-candy, can also break a system in ways they haven't figured out yet. Redhat, though old and ugly, is most stable for projects like these. Aside from Redhat (old) and Fedora (new), there's also CentOs. A middle road. Slightly more modern updates than on Redhat (that only seems to focus on LTS releases). I always saw Fedora as some sort of Beta testing ground; nice for trying things out on a desktop PC, but not really good for running reliable software on. A next update may break certain features. |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
I know that. That's why I'm only relying on the nvidia proprietary drivers here. And aside from that I would like to understand what is missing to make it work the rpm fusion seems to screw things up and not activate cuda either. So besides libcuda whet else is needed and how to obtain it without the rpmfusion repo |
Send message Joined: 8 Nov 19 Posts: 718 |
I don't know much about RPM based Linux versions. I use mostly .deb based Linux versions. But I would assume that you'll need OpenCL, and if possible CUDA. But Boinc should find you tasks regardless of which one of the two works. (if both work, it'll choose work units based on one or the other). I would first try to make the Nvidia drivers work, and download furmark to test to see if they work. If it's any consolidation, starting from Ubuntu 19.10 (Debian 10), we also have issues with Nvidia drivers (when trying to use multiple GPU setups, with overclocking/power limit enabled). Desktop crashes, GPUs not recognized... I went back to 18.04 (18.10 was the latest Ubuntu that supported multi GPUs out of the box, but support for it stopped). I think it has something to do with the newer X-session manager. All this info may be totally useless for Rhel or derivatives |
Send message Joined: 8 Jan 12 Posts: 46 |
Well under fedora no crash at all about the nvidia drivers but we don't have the specific configurations of yours. And for fedora when we want to activate nvidia drivers manually with the official installer the graphical server is still Xorg. Wayland or mutter is not compatible with the nvidia installer so it get replaced anyway. But good news I've finally succeeded. You need to download from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&target_distro=Fedora&target_version=29&target_type=rpmlocal The manual cuda installer doesn't work the dnf repo eithersince you will have issues with nvidia graphics not up to date are really working properlymsot of the time. But there is a final solution the rpm file. Maybe it was a temporary problem of dependency but the cuda-repo-fedora29... worked. When this package has been isntalled and the boinc client service restarted, everything was detected by Boinc and now it works as intended. [/url] |
Copyright © 2024 University of California.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.